Similarity and Plagiarism Screening

Parewa Saraq: Journal of Islamic Law and Fatwa Review uses Turnitin to assist the Editorial Team in screening submitted manuscripts for textual similarity and potential plagiarism before they proceed further in the editorial and peer-review process.

• Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are not permitted.
• Authors must ensure that their manuscripts represent original work. Any words, ideas, data, figures, or other materials derived from other sources must be appropriately cited, quoted, or otherwise acknowledged.
• Authors must not submit substantially the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously. Concurrent submission of the same manuscript to multiple journals constitutes unacceptable publication practice.
• Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be provided. Authors should cite publications that are relevant to and have influenced the research presented in the manuscript.

Screening Process

1. The Editorial Team conducts an initial examination of the manuscript, including an assessment of citation practices, quotations, references, and other indications of inappropriate textual reuse.
2. The manuscript is screened using Turnitin to generate a similarity report.
3. Manuscripts with a similarity score above 20% may be subject to additional editorial assessment. The Editorial Team will examine the sources and nature of the detected similarities before determining whether revision, clarification, or rejection is appropriate.
4. A similarity percentage alone is not treated as conclusive evidence of plagiarism. The final editorial decision is based on the nature, extent, and context of the identified similarities.

Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy

Parewa Saraq: Journal of Islamic Law and Fatwa Review recognizes that generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies are increasingly used in scholarly work. Such technologies may include large language models, text-generation tools, image-generation systems, coding assistants, and other generative applications.

These technologies may support certain aspects of research and manuscript preparation, but they also raise concerns regarding accuracy, bias, attribution, confidentiality, intellectual property, research integrity, and accountability. Authors remain fully responsible for all content submitted to and published by the journal.

Principles for the Use of Generative AI

1. AI-generated authorship or substantive writing is not permitted. Authors must not use a generative AI tool or large language model to generate substantive parts of a manuscript, including the abstract, literature review, analysis, discussion, or conclusion, and present such material as the authors' own scholarly contribution.
2. AI tools must not replace the author's responsibility for research findings. The generation or reporting of research results using generative AI cannot replace the author's responsibility for producing, verifying, interpreting, and defending the accuracy and integrity of the research.
3. AI-generated statistics or factual claims must not be accepted without verification. Authors remain responsible for the authenticity, accuracy, and validity of all data, calculations, statistics, citations, and factual statements included in the manuscript.
4. Language editing may be permitted. Generative AI or AI-assisted tools may be used to improve grammar, spelling, readability, or language quality of material originally written by the authors, provided that such use does not replace the authors' intellectual contribution. Authors remain responsible for reviewing and approving the final text.
5. AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors. Authorship requires responsibility and accountability for the submitted work, which cannot be attributed to an AI system.
6. Confidential or unpublished material must be protected. Authors should not upload confidential, sensitive, copyrighted, or unpublished third-party materials to generative AI systems when doing so may compromise confidentiality, intellectual property rights, or research ethics.
7. AI-generated images are not accepted as original research illustrations unless explicitly permitted by the Editorial Team. Authors must ensure that figures, photographs, and other visual materials comply with the journal's requirements for originality, accuracy, copyright, and research integrity.